Definition

Proper noun: - Guibert of Ravenna: The name of an Italian cleric who served as an antipope from 1080 to 1100. He was established in opposition to the legitimately elected Pope Gregory VII by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV during the Investiture Controversy, a major conflict between secular and religious powers over the appointment of church officials. He consistently opposed papal reform efforts.

Usage Examples

• Proper noun:
  • The historical records detail the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Guibert of Ravenna.
  • Guibert of Ravenna was a central figure in the Investiture Controversy.

Advanced Usage

• As "Clement III": Guibert of Ravenna is historically known by his antipapal name, Clement III. This name distinguishes his claim to the papacy from the legitimate popes of the era.
  • The emperor supported the antipope, Guibert of Ravenna, who took the name Clement III.

Variants and Related Words

• Antipope (noun): A person who makes a widely accepted but ultimately illegitimate claim to be the Pope.
• Investiture Controversy (noun): The 11th- and 12th-century conflict between the papacy and secular rulers over the right to appoint church officials.

Synonyms

• Clement III (the name he adopted as antipope).

Related Phrases

• To be installed as antipope: To be placed in the position of antipope by a secular authority.
  • Guibert of Ravenna was installed as antipope by Emperor Henry IV.

Noun

1. Italian antipope from 1080 to 1100 who was installed as pope by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV who consistently opposed efforts at papal reform (died in 1100)